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CONTENTS: PREFACE INTRODUCTION MAGNETOMETERS Instrument use Proton magnetometer Total field measurement Limitations of a proton magnetometer EARTH FIELD MAGNETISM Introduction Time variations Magnetic minerals and iron Induced magnetization Remanent and permanent magnetization FIELD PROCEDURES AND DATA REDUCTION Magnetic cleanliness and sensor positions Operational considerations Valid reading vs. noise Sensor orientation Instruments readings Correction for time variations High magnetic gradients Contour maps Construction of a contour map INTERPRETATION Introduction Asymetry Depth dependence Other anomaly shape factors Geological models Elementary dipoles and monopoles Simplified method for total field signature Earth's field component behavior Dipoles vs. monopoles Vs. array of poles Configuration of field lines Dipole and monopole fall-off factor Dipole factor-of-two Application of method Contour presentation of dipole and prism anomalies Anomaly amplitude Amplitude estimates for common sources Dipole and monopole signatures in vertical and horizontal fields Maximum amplitude given magnetization and generalized form Anomaly depth characteristics Anomaly width Anomaly depth estimation Identification of anomaly Fall-off rate Assumption of maximum amplitude and depth estimates Half width rules Slope techniques Other depth estimating methods Interpretation summary MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY, MAGNETIZATION AND MAGNETIC MOMENT MEASUREMENTS Introduction Applications Procedures Random sample rotation for magnitude only Systematic rotation for magnitude and direction Dipole in erth's field Non-spherical object rotation MAGNETIC SEARCH Introduction Determination of object magnetism Detectibility Magnetic anomaly signatures Depth/Amplitude behavior SEARCH PROCEDURES Determination of magnetic moment vs. search grid vs. resolution Traverses Detailed mapping for pinpointing Location SPECIAL SEARCH TOPICS Iron and steel Permanent vs. induced anomaly sources Pipelines (horizontal) Magnetic markers ARCHAEOLOGICAL EXPLORATION Introduction Magnetic anomalies of archaeological origin Remanent magnetization Archaeomagnetism Magnetization and susceptibility of soils Remanent magnetization of soils Magnetic anomaly complexity Archaeological survey planning and feasibility Archaeological anomaly amplitude and signatures GRADIOMETERS NAD GRADIENT TECHNIQUES Introduction Applications of thegradiometer Conditions for gradient measurement Gradiometer sensitivity Gradiometer readings in the field Gradiometer as a filter Calculation of vertical gradient General expression involving gradients and coordinates Gradient vector diagrams and vector information from total field MAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS OF ELECTRIC CURRENT DISTRIBUTIONS Introduction Applications Configuration of magnetic field of electric current sources REFERENCES |
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